Most popular from 1666 to talk about the past and

Speaking from 1666: the past and present lives of near-infrared spectroscopy

in 1666, young Newton returned to his hometown in the countryside for vacation in order to avoid the plague. There, he completed several independent works that can be recorded in the history of science, laying an important foundation for the three university courses of mathematics, mechanics and optics. One day, he shot a beam of light through a small hole in the darkroom window. On the way, he placed a prism and shone the light on the white wall. He found a light band with red, orange, yellow, green, blue, purple. According to this experiment, Newton deduced that the white light of the sun was a mixture of seven colors of light, and named this phenomenon "spectrum". This is the beginning of the history of human research on spectrum

however, in the following 140 years, Newton's discovery did not receive enough attention, and there was no new research progress. It was not until the 19th century that some scientists in Europe began to study spectra again, with more new discoveries and achievements. It was also in 1800 that William Herschel, a British astronomer, discovered the near-infrared spectral region. It is worth mentioning that the telescope named after him in later generations mainly uses infrared spectrometer to capture infrared light

after this discovery, nearly 140 years passed again. It was not until the second world war that scientists used infrared technology to analyze the quality of oil and rubber that they began to promote the development of infrared spectroscopy. The first infrared spectrometer was also developed in the 1930s. However, compared with the infrared spectrum driving into the "fast lane", the near-infrared spectrum is not popular in the early stage of development, because scientists believe that the data availability of the near-infrared spectrum is very small. In the later stage, with the birth and development of stable power supply, signal amplifier, photon detector, microcomputer and other technologies, the near-infrared spectrum as an independent spectral region with unique information characteristics was paid attention to

in the 1950s, Karl Norris proposed the relative NIR quantitative analysis technology by using the multi wavelength multiple linear regression method, which played an important role in the formation of the theoretical system of the later systematic near-infrared spectroscopy technology. With the appearance of simple near-infrared spectroscopy 5. The main bearing of dynamometer does not allow oiling instrument, near-infrared spectroscopy has finally become a practical analysis technology and began to be widely used in (2) high and low temperature fixture small volume analysis of agricultural and sideline products. In the 1960s, Norris also developed the world's first near-infrared scanning spectrometer, which became the prototype of near-infrared spectroscopy instruments in the future. However, with the emergence of various new analytical techniques and the weakness of low sensitivity and poor anti-interference of near-infrared spectroscopy at that time, the development of near-infrared spectroscopy entered a silent period

there has been an upsurge of near-infrared spectroscopy application research in the world, and China has also begun the development of near-infrared spectroscopy instruments. However, due to the difficulty of establishing a mathematical model for quantitative analysis, the application of near-infrared spectroscopy in various fields in China has been affected. With the joint efforts of many scientific research institutes, universities and enterprises, some hardware R & D achievements of near-infrared spectroscopy have been industrialized and transformed into commercial instruments. The key performance indicators of some products have even reached the international level, and have played an active role in petrochemical, agricultural and other fields. In contrast, China has also achieved fruitful results in chemometrics methods and software development. Many units, such as the Research Institute of petrochemical industry and China Agricultural University, have developed chemometrics software suitable for near-infrared spectral analysis. Compared with international popular software, domestic software is more suitable for Chinese people in terms of interface language, operation habits and other aspects, and its main functions are not inferior

when we see the achievements, we should naturally see the gap. At present, the core components of domestic near-infrared spectroscopy instruments are still dependent on imports, and the overall performance and intelligent level are significantly different from those of international advanced products, and the final products expressed by industry insiders. At the same time, domestic software still needs to be strengthened in algorithm research, professional software development and timely upgrading. In the future, the near-infrared spectrum will be mainly used in the practical application of electronic universal tensile machine, and the development direction will be miniaturization, specialization, intelligence and on-site complete set. Combined with emerging technologies such as big data and artificial intelligence, what is the future of near-infrared spectroscopy? Please wait and see